MAINTAINING CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT SAFELY

1. Know the machine.

First, when you’re maintaining equipment, you’ll want to know the basics of how your machine operates. Make sure you understand the normal operation and the interaction of the machine systems. Is the symptom you’re experiencing a characteristic of normal operation? Or is the symptom a problem? Contact your Cat® dealer or refer to the Systems Operation in your Service Manual.

2. Identify the symptom.

Next, determine exactly what went wrong. Check the history of repairs of the machine — has there been any preventive maintenance? Ask about the performance of the machine prior to the problem. What time did the symptom first occur? What were the operating conditions at the time of the problem? What was the sequence of events prior to the failure? If you can figure out exactly what happened prior to the problem, you can begin to narrow down which part might be at fault.

You’ll want to verify the symptom by trying to duplicate it. Operate the machine and repeat the conditions that caused the failure as best you can. Keep an eye on the gauges inside the cab.

3. Examine fault codes.

Determine if the Equipment Control Modules (ECM) has detected any faults. A diagnostic code is used to specify each detected fault. Each component, such as switches and sensors, is referenced by a unique component identifier. You’ll want to be familiar with fault codes, especially any that recur. Sometimes fault codes can seem overwhelming, but knowledge of the fault codes you see regularly can help you diagnose the issues. Consult your manual or Cat dealer to read and understand your fault codes.

4. Inspect the machine.

Now, look for problems on your equipment. Take note of any unusual odors in the air. Listen for unusual noises. Conduct a visual inspection of your machine — which can be tricky, so make sure your machine is safely parked with the parking brake secured. Look around the machine and under the machine for items such as loose bolts, trash, oil leaks, coolant leaks, broken parts or worn parts. Then, inspect the condition of the attachments, hydraulic components, mechanical components and electrical components.

a. Hydraulics

Conducting a visual inspection of your hydraulic system? Never check for leaks with your hands. High-pressure air or fluids escaping through a pinhole leak can puncture the skin and cause serious injury. Use a piece of paper or cardboard instead to inspect your hydraulic lines, hoses and connections for leaks. You’ll be able to find a leak quickly without posing a danger to your health. Measure the oil on the machine’s oil levels, inspect the hydraulic tank for the proper level and inspect the machine for damaged or loose hydraulic components.

b. Mechanical system

Inspect the steps, walkways and handholds for damage or wear. Repair the components that are damaged or worn. Inspect those same areas for cleanliness. If necessary, clean the components to prevent further disrepair. Inspect all control linkages for damaged components or broken components, and look for damaged or loose mechanical components.

c. Electrical system

Inspect the lights for broken bulbs and lenses. Replace if the bulbs or the lenses are broken. Inspect the machine for loose or frayed wiring and loose and damaged electrical components.